Scottish Claims

Compulsory Pre-Action Protocol (CPAP) in Scotland Explained

The Compulsory Pre-Action Protocol (CPAP) sets out the steps both sides must follow before a personal injury claim goes to court in Scotland. Knowing the stages helps you understand expected timelines, insurer duties, and what evidence matters most.

What is the CPAP in Scotland?

TL;DR: CPAP is a formal process under the Sheriff Court rules requiring early exchange of information between claimant and insurer before raising court proceedings.

Why does CPAP matter for road traffic accidents?

  • Encourages settlement before court.
  • Requires insurers to respond within strict timescales.
  • Reduces delays and unnecessary legal costs.

What are the key CPAP steps?

8-step timeline:

1. Letter of claim sent

Sets out case details.

2. Insurer acknowledges

21 days to respond.

3. Insurer investigates

3 months typical.

4. Response on liability

Admit/deny.

5. Medical evidence exchanged

Independent medical reports shared.

6. Valuation & negotiation

Both parties negotiate settlement amount.

7. Settlement reached or fails

Agreement or proceed to next step.

8. Court proceedings if unresolved

Raise proceedings only if settlement fails.

How long does CPAP take?

Typical duration: 4-9 months, depending on complexity and insurer response.

What happens if CPAP is not followed?

Courts can penalise non-compliance by awarding expenses against the defaulting party.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do all RTA claims in Scotland go through CPAP?

Yes, unless exceptions apply (e.g. very high-value or complex claims).

Where is CPAP set out?

In the Act of Sederunt (Sheriff Court Rules).

Can I skip CPAP and go straight to court?

No. Courts expect CPAP to be followed, and non-compliance can result in penalties.

What if the insurer doesn't respond within 21 days?

Your solicitor can note the delay and may proceed if the insurer is not engaging properly.

Does CPAP guarantee my claim will settle?

No. CPAP encourages settlement but doesn't guarantee it. Some cases still proceed to court.

⚠️ We are not a law firm or a Claims Management Company. We only introduce you, with consent, to FCA-authorised firms who may advise on your claim.